This is what Faraday did not name. We opted for this acronym: GRID — Global Reference In Dynamics.

This name also means a simple grid, to insist on the idea that quantum elements are free to move across it, but geometric objects — those of the visible regime — interact with it, creating, among other things, gravity. 

Faraday rejected the idea of empty space, insisting that a minimal presence must always exist. The CMB — omnipresent, uniform, and indelible — directly confirms this intuition. Instead of recognizing it as the universe’s permanent substrate, it was interpreted as fossil radiation, a conceptual mistake with lasting consequences.

The GRID precedes space, has no form, position, or measurable dimension, yet contains the information required for the emergence of objects (particles, atoms). It is a source code that, once executed, generates the geometric world (NUG) we partially know. 

It is what Einstein missed and replaced with the cosmological constant to compensate for his equations' biases. Recognizing it would have freed ΛCDM from most of its paradoxes. 

Primary energy allows everything to exist and imposes simple laws:

• straight → inertia; 

• curved → gravity; 

• orbit → equilibrium; 

• fall → gradient; 

• collision → interaction.

Everything that moves interacts with the GRID. Fast rotation leaves a dynamic imprint, producing friction — the magnetic field — just like a dynamo. Gravity is the static imprint; inertia is the dynamic one.

Modern physics forbids mass for W and Z bosons to preserve gauge symmetry, yet experiments show they are massive. The Higgs mechanism was added to bypass this contradiction. With the GRID, inertia comes from deformation of the GRID around objects, eliminating the need for mass and resolving the paradox.

From the primordial stage onward, the GRID enables emergence (UG → NUG). It filters UG objects, organizes them into pre-geometric structures, and provides a phase space allowing them to evolve toward NUG. Without it, UG objects could never assemble into NUG structures.

The GRID preserves the Succession of Emergence — the Arrow of Emergence — acting as the engine of the cosmic sequence without timekeeping. It bridges UG and NUG by translating non-geometric properties into geometric ones.

Thus the GRID is:

• the physical substrate (primary energy),

• the mediator between UG and NUG (filter, bridge),

• the guarantor of cosmic Succession (Arrow of Emergence).

It resolves the paradoxes of  ΛCDM while preserving a non‑anthropocentric reading of the universe.

the GRID, Origin of Rotations

Everything rotates

Moons, planets, stars, galaxies: almost all cosmic objects spin on themselves, and many orbit around a more massive centre. This universality calls for a single cause rather than a series of local accidents.

the Currents

The fluctuations of the quantum effervescence omnipresent in space are precisely what agitates the GRID and creates currents. This is also certainly the origin of the microwave radiation permanently recorded in space. It is not impossible that this is not the only origin of the currents sweeping through the GRID. The immensity of the universe does not allow us to know everything, but it confirms the enormous probability that such an expanse cannot resemble a secluded pond that nothing disturbs.

Are these currents permanent? Do they change over time? We do not have the measurements to say, but judging by the stability of orbital or galactic rotation speeds, it would seem that the very structure of the universe has created paths and flows of remarkable stability.

the Orbits

Dead leaves slowly descending to the bottom do not land on a large concrete ball resting at the bottom of a pool: around the ball spreads a clear zone where the eddies are weakened. The eddies will therefore deposit the leaves all around the ball. The same goes for the universe. 

A dense object like a planet deforms the GRID around it, and there too, this clear layer forms, preventing smaller objects from crashing into it as long as the passing currents — therefore tangential to the planet — are strong enough to push them. This rectilinear push should move them away from the massive centre if they were not held close to the clear layer by gravity. The orbiting object therefore continues its circular course by inertia until it completes its turn and meets the tangential current again. 

The force of the current does not add to that of the course as long as its speed is equal. Should it decrease, it would be readjusted at each passage by the addition of the differential.

the Intrinsic Rotation

Intrinsic rotation would be earlier than an orbital encounter. It would indeed begin at birth. At emergence rather, when the effervescence of the GRID transforms quantum objects into geometry through a metamorphosis totally unknown to us.

It is standard to imagine that this emergence is not symmetrical and that, consequently, the first shapes — already battered by the pressure of the GRID and its currents — begin to spin "with the wind," so to speak poetically. Then, as maturity demands, their spheroidal symmetry might allow them to stabilize, but this would be without counting on the eternal inertia well known in space. Thus, this shape, having become a planet or a star, also continues its endless pirouette in the direction given to it from birth.

Galaxies can also be counted among intrinsic rotations. One must therefore suppose that the currents of the GRID, as for the rest, are not strangers to the phenomenon. But obviously, these are only postulates until technology allows us to do better.

Venus, Uranus, Triton, many moons and some exoplanets rotate or orbit backwards. But the term is erroneous. There is only a counter-sense if there is a sense. Yet, in the universe, direction exists but has no definition. Why would the direction be clockwise and not its opposite?

Moreover, we only know an infinitesimal part of the universe; these examples are therefore not rare exceptions but a sample. In this reading, an object born or captured in a different current, or affected by a local opposite current, rotates differently from its neighbours. The common direction in a region simply indicates a common current.

Conclusion

The single mechanism of currents in the GRID accounts for the revolution of orbiting objects, their intrinsic rotation, and the rotation of galaxies. It requires neither chance nor additional particles, and agrees with the idea that the GRID — which obviously fills all of space — is the substrate from which everything emerges.